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<title>Automatiser avec Ansible - Les incroyables notes de devops</title>
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📚 Bases du Bash
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Commandes *sh pour les idiots
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Commandes *sh avancées
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SSH et Configuration propre
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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🔌 DevOps
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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🔌 DevOps
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../2026-03-04/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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C'est quoi DevOps ?
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../2025-11-28/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Automatisation via les associations
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../2025-12-12/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Git pour les neuilles
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../2026-01-22/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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SQL pour les tung tung tung sahur
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Automatiser avec Ansible
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Automatiser avec Ansible
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="On this page">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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On this page
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#cest-quoi-ansible" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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C'est quoi Ansible ?
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="C'est quoi Ansible ?">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#les-3-grands-principes-dansible" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Les 3 grands principes d'Ansible
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#le-vocabulaire-de-base" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Le vocabulaire de base
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#utiliser-ansible-proprement" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Utiliser Ansible proprement
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Utiliser Ansible proprement">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<a href="#le-fichier-inventaire-inventoryyml-ou-hosts" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Le fichier Inventaire (inventory.yml ou hosts)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#les-modules" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Les Modules
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#le-playbook-scriptyml" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Le Playbook (script.yml)
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</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#le-flux-de-travail-workflow" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Le Flux de Travail (Workflow)
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_3" id="__nav_2_3_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
☕ Javascript
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</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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☕ Javascript
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../javascript/2026-01-30/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
Javascript (30/01/26)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../javascript/2026-02-06/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Asynchrone et promesses (06/02/26)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../javascript/2026-02-09/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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fetch des APIs et serveur HTTP (09/02/26)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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🐍 Python
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</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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🐍 Python
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../python/2026-01-16/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
pip et environnements virtuels
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../python/2026-02-16/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
|
Django en gros
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_5" id="__nav_2_5_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
🎨 Frontend
|
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</span>
|
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|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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🎨 Frontend
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../frontend/2026-02-21/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
|
Cheat Sheet Tailwind
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
Projets
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</span>
|
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|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Projets
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_1" id="__nav_3_1_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Stage
|
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</span>
|
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|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Stage
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../../projects/stage/2026-03-03/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
Étape 1 - Planification et installation Hardware
|
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../../projects/stage/2026-03-09/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Étape 2 : Configuration de l'Infrastructure Serveur
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<a href="../../../projects/2025-12-05/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Alternavive GLSI léger : Grabber
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../../projects/2026-01-23/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Docs et notes avec Zensical
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</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../../projects/2026-02-13/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Faire un portfolio en JS moderne
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</a>
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On this page
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<a href="#cest-quoi-ansible" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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C'est quoi Ansible ?
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Les 3 grands principes d'Ansible
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Le vocabulaire de base
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Utiliser Ansible proprement
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Le fichier Inventaire (inventory.yml ou hosts)
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Les Modules
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Le Playbook (script.yml)
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Le Flux de Travail (Workflow)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<h1 id="automatiser-avec-ansible">Automatiser avec Ansible</h1>
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<h2 id="cest-quoi-ansible">C'est quoi Ansible ?</h2>
|
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<p>Ansible est un outil d'automatisation informatique (créé par Red Hat). Imaginons que l'on est le chef d'orchestre, et que nos serveurs sont les musiciens. Au lieu d'aller voir chaque musicien un par un pour lui dire quoi jouer (taper des commandes à la main), on leur distribue une partition. Ils la lisent et jouent tous en rythme.</p>
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<h3 id="les-3-grands-principes-dansible">Les 3 grands principes d'Ansible</h3>
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<p>-> Sans agent (Agentless) : Son utilité première, on a pas besoin d'installer un logiciel "Ansible" sur nos PC cible (un Proxmox, pfSense ou encore Debian). Ansible se connecte simplement à eux via SSH.</p>
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<p>-> Idempotent : Ça signifie : "Si c'est déjà fait, ne touche à rien". Donc si on demande à Ansible "Installe le serveur web Nginx", il va d'abord vérifier. S'il n'y est pas, il l'installe. S'il y est déjà, il dit "OK, je passe à la suite". On pourrait lancer le script 100 fois, ça ne cassera jamais le serveur.</p>
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<p>-> Le format YAML : Les instructions (les "Playbooks") sont écrites en YAML, un langage très lisible par les humains.</p>
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<h3 id="le-vocabulaire-de-base">Le vocabulaire de base</h3>
|
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<p>-> Le Control Node : Notre PC personnel (celui depuis lequel on lance Ansible).</p>
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<p>-> L'Inventory (Inventaire) : Un simple fichier texte où on liste les adresses IP de nos serveurs.</p>
|
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<p>-> Les Playbooks : Nos scripts/recettes qui décrivent ce que l'on veux configurer.</p>
|
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<h2 id="utiliser-ansible-proprement">Utiliser Ansible proprement</h2>
|
|
<p>Pour préparer son installation avec Ansible, on doit préparer trois fichiers de base pour faire fonctionner le tout</p>
|
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<h3 id="le-fichier-inventaire-inventoryyml-ou-hosts">Le fichier Inventaire (<code>inventory.yml</code> ou <code>hosts</code>)</h3>
|
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<p>Comme dit plus tôt, c'est le fichier ou l'on liste les adresses IP et qui permet de regrouper les serveurs pour ne cibler que certaines machines.
|
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* Exemple de groupes : <code>serveurs_web</code>, <code>bases_de_donnees</code>, <code>hyperviseurs</code>.</p>
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<h3 id="les-modules">Les Modules</h3>
|
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<p>On y ajoute les "outils" intégrés à Ansible qui nous permettrons d'interagir avec le système.
|
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* <code>apt</code> ou <code>yum</code> : Pour gérer les paquets/logiciels.
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* <code>service</code> ou <code>systemd</code> : Pour démarrer/arrêter des services.
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* <code>copy</code> ou <code>template</code> : Pour envoyer et modifier des fichiers de configuration.
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* <code>user</code> : Pour créer des comptes utilisateurs.</p>
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<h3 id="le-playbook-scriptyml">Le Playbook (<code>script.yml</code>)</h3>
|
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<p>C'est la que tout se joue donc. Elle est écrite en <strong>YAML</strong> et regroupe une liste de "Tasks" (tâches) qui font appel aux modules pour configurer les serveurs de l'inventaire.</p>
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<h2 id="le-flux-de-travail-workflow">Le Flux de Travail (Workflow)</h2>
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<ol>
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<li><strong>Préparation SSH :</strong> On génère une clé SSH sur le "Control Node" et on l'envoie sur les serveurs cibles pour permettre une connexion sans mot de passe.</li>
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<li><strong>Écriture :</strong> On rédige l'Inventaire et le Playbook.</li>
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<li><strong>Test de connexion :</strong> On vérifie qu'Ansible voit bien tout le monde avec la commande :
|
|
<code>ansible all -m ping -i inventory.yml</code></li>
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<li><strong>Exécution :</strong> On lance le déploiement général avec la commande :
|
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<code>ansible-playbook -i inventory.yml script.yml</code></li>
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</ol>
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<p>Simple</p>
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<span class="md-tag">Ansible</span>
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</article>
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