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<title>SSH et Configuration propre - Les incroyables notes de devops</title>
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Arborescence type sur UNIX
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📚 Bases du Bash
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Commandes *sh pour les idiots
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Commandes *sh avancées
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</li>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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SSH et Configuration propre
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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SSH et Configuration propre
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="On this page">
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On this page
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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C'est quoi ?
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#etape-1-creer-une-cle-sur-le-pc-hote" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Étape 1 : Créer une clé sur le PC Hôte
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</a>
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Étape 2 : Envoyer la clé sur le PC distant
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</a>
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<a href="#etape-3-essayer-cette-configuration" class="md-nav__link">
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Étape 3 : Essayer cette configuration
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Optionnel mais recommandé : Désactiver les identifiants utilisateur
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🔌 DevOps
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🔌 DevOps
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../devops/2026-03-04/" class="md-nav__link">
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C'est quoi DevOps ?
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</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../devops/2025-11-28/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Automatisation via les associations
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../devops/2025-12-12/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Git pour les neuilles
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../devops/2026-01-22/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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SQL pour les tung tung tung sahur
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../devops/2026-02-25.md" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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none
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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☕ Javascript
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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☕ Javascript
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../javascript/2026-01-30/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Javascript (30/01/26)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../javascript/2026-02-06/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Asynchrone et promesses (06/02/26)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../javascript/2026-02-09/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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fetch des APIs et serveur HTTP (09/02/26)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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🐍 Python
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</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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🐍 Python
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</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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|
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<a href="../../python/2026-01-16/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
|
pip et environnements virtuels
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../python/2026-02-16/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
Django en gros
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_5" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_5" id="__nav_2_5_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
🎨 Frontend
|
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</span>
|
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|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_5">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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🎨 Frontend
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<a href="../../frontend/2026-02-21/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
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|
|
Cheat Sheet Tailwind
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
|
Projets
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</span>
|
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|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
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|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Projets
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_1" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_1" id="__nav_3_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
Stage
|
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|
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|
|
</span>
|
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|
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|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
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|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_1">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Stage
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../projects/stage/2026-03-03/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Étape 1 - Planification et installation Hardware
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
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|
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../projects/stage/2026-03-09/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Étape 2 : Configuration de l'Infrastructure Serveur
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
</a>
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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Étape 1 : Créer une clé sur le PC Hôte
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Étape 2 : Envoyer la clé sur le PC distant
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Étape 3 : Essayer cette configuration
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Optionnel mais recommandé : Désactiver les identifiants utilisateur
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<h1 id="ssh-et-configuration-propre">SSH et Configuration propre</h1>
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<h2 id="cest-quoi">C'est quoi ?</h2>
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<p>SSH est un protocole de communication (comme FTP, HTTP, ect...) qui se base dans le terminal. Il permet de contrôler une fenetre de commandes d'un ordinateur à distance. Si SSH est activé sur un PC, un utilisateur connaissant les logins du PC distant pourra ouvrir un terminal à distance directement sur son ordinateur. </p>
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<p>Pour plus de sécurité, il est préférable d'utiliser un système de clés publiques/privées pour ne pas envoyer ces identifiants dans la nature en clair. </p>
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<p>On va voir comment configurer une connexion SSH proprement entre deux PC.</p>
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<h2 id="etape-1-creer-une-cle-sur-le-pc-hote">Étape 1 : Créer une clé sur le PC Hôte</h2>
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<p>On crée d'abord notre clé SSH pour authentifier notre ordinateur via cette commande :</p>
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<p><code>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "nom_de_votre_pc"</code></p>
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<p>En résumé, on utilise la commande <em>ssh-keygen</em>, préinstallée sur les distros UNIX et macOS, qui crée des clé et on lui demande une clé encryptée avec le protocole <em>ed25519</em> via <strong>-t</strong>, recommandé car efficace et robuste, puis on donne le nom du PC qu'on authentifie avec <strong>-C</strong>.</p>
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<p>On nous demandera alors dans quel répertoire stocker la clé, généralement il vous proposera dans votre répertoire home <code>/.ssh/id_ed25519</code> et aussi si l'on veut protéger la clé avec un mot de passe.</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="admonition-title">Répertoire de la clé</p>
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<p>La clé donc sera stockée dans le répertoire .ssh/id_ed25519 comme dit plus tôt. Dans ce même répertoire, on y retrouvera deux fichiers : </p>
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<ul>
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<li>id_ed25519 <- Celle-ci est la clé privée et ne doit EN AUCUN CAS être partagée</li>
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<li>id_ed25519.pub <- Celle-ci c'est la publique qui sera partagée entre les ordinateurs</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<h2 id="etape-2-envoyer-la-cle-sur-le-pc-distant">Étape 2 : Envoyer la clé sur le PC distant</h2>
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<p>Maintenant que l'on a notre clé, on doit la partager au PC distant, pour se faire, on devra une dernière fois utiliser les identifiants de l'utilisateur du PC distant via la commande :</p>
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<p><code>ssh-copy-id utilisateur@adresse_ip_du_pc_distant</code></p>
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<p>On nous demandera alors le mot de passe de l'utilisateur distant et enfin l'action sera effectuée, notre PC hôte est maintenant authentifié par le PC distant !</p>
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<p>La commande ici à tout simplement copié notre clé publique crée plus tôt <strong>id_ed25519.pub</strong> avec la commande <em>ssh-copy-id</em> et l'a rangée dans un registre de clés dans le fichier rangé dans le répertoire <em>.ssh/authorized_keys</em>.</p>
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<h2 id="etape-3-essayer-cette-configuration">Étape 3 : Essayer cette configuration</h2>
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<p>Pour tester si tout fonctionne, il faut tout simplement lancer une connexion SSH avec la commande :</p>
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<p><code>ssh utilisateur@adresse_ip_du_pc_distant</code></p>
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<p>Si aucun mot de passe n'a été demandé, c'est que le PC distant nous à bien reconnu, c'est carré dans l'axe !</p>
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<h2 id="optionnel-mais-recommande-desactiver-les-identifiants-utilisateur">Optionnel mais recommandé : Désactiver les identifiants utilisateur</h2>
|
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<p>Pour sécuriser le PC distant d'intrusions avec les identifiants qui auraient pu fuiter, on peut désactiver l'authentification via les identifiants utilisateur en éditant le fichier de configuration du SSH avec cette commande sur le PC distant :</p>
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<p><code>sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config</code></p>
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<p>Dans ce fichier, une ligne nous interesse, celle-ci :</p>
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<p><code># PasswordAuthentication no</code></p>
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<p>On retire le # et voila, l'authentification via le mot de passe est désactivé. Plus qu'a lancer une commande qui redémarre le serveur SSH du PC :</p>
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<p><code>sudo systemctl restart ssh</code></p>
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<p>Et c'est tout bon, on a configuré un accès SSH proprement avec un PC distant.</p>
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