make build installs all dependencies - OS packages and any language libraries via native tools eg. pip, cpanm, gem, go etc that are not available via OS packages
make build-retry retries 'make build' x 3until success to try to mitigate temporary upstream repo failures triggering false alerts in CI systems
make ci prints env, then runs 'build-retry'for more resilient CI builds with debugging
make printenv prints environment variables, CPU cores, OS release, $$PWD, Git branch, hashref etc. Useful for CI debugging
make system-packages installs OS packages only (detects OS via whichever package manager is available)
make test run tests
make clean removes compiled / generated files, downloaded tarballs, temporary files etc.
make submodules initialize and update submodules to the right release (done automatically by build / system-packages)
make init same as above, often useful to do in CI systems to get access to additional submodule provided targets such as 'make ci'
make cpan install any modules listed in any cpan-requirements.txt files if not already installed